| Microorganism name |
Bacillus subtilis
|
| Target proteins |
Alpha-casein (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| Wild-type or GMO |
GMO (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| Production mode (intracellular/extracellular) |
Extracellular (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| Protein yield (g/L or g/g?) |
0,0569 g/L (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| Temperature used in study |
37°C (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| pH used in study |
pH 7.0 (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| C & N source |
Glucose, (NH4)2SO4 (Biermann et al., 2025)
|
| Regulatory status in Europe |
Not allowed |
| Regulatory status in other parts of the world |
No FDA GRAS approval in US, not allowed in Canada |
| Companies |
NA |
| Publications/references |
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Biermann, L., Tadele, L. R., Perino, E. H. B., Nicholson, R., Lilge, L., & Hausmann, R. (2025). Recombinant Production of Bovine αS1-Casein in Genome-Reduced Bacillus subtilis Strain IIG-Bs-20-5-1. Microorganisms, 13(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010060
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Lambré, C., Baviera, J. M. B., Bolognesi, C., Cocconcelli, P. S., Crebelli, R., Gott, D. M., Grob, K., Lampi, E., Mengelers, M., Mortensen, A., Rivière, G., Steffensen, I., Tlustos, C., Van Loveren, H., Vernis, L., Zorn, H., Aguilera, J., Andryszkiewicz, M., Liu, Y., & Chesson, A. (2023). Safety evaluation of the food enzyme α‐amylase from the genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain AR‐651. EFSA Journal, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7468
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Vojnovic, S., Aleksic, I., Ilic-Tomic, T., Stevanovic, M., & Nikodinovic-Runic, J. (2024). Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as hosts for production of industrially relevant enzymes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 108(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12900-x
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Liu, Y., Su, A., Tian, R., Li, J., Liu, L., & Du, G. (2020). Developing rapid growing Bacillus subtilis for improved biochemical and recombinant protein production. Metabolic Engineering Communications, 11, e00141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00141
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Su, Y., Liu, C., Fang, H., & Zhang, D. (2020). Bacillus subtilis: a universal cell factory for industry, agriculture, biomaterials and medicine. Microbial Cell Factories, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01436-8
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Bajić, B., Vučurović, D., Vasić, Đ., Jevtić-Mučibabić, R., & Dodić, S. (2022). Biotechnological Production of Sustainable Microbial Proteins from Agro-Industrial Residues and By-Products. Foods, 12(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12010107
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Rasool, K., Hussain, S., Shahzad, A., Miran, W., Mahmoud, K. A., Ali, N., & Almomani, F. (2023). Comprehensive insights into sustainable conversion of agricultural and food waste into microbial protein for animal feed production. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 22(2), 527–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-023-09651-6
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Neef, J., Van Dijl, J. M., & Buist, G. (2021). Recombinant protein secretion by Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis: pathways, applications, and innovation potential. Essays in Biochemistry, 65(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200171
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Eastham, J. L., & Leman, A. R. (2024). Precision fermentation for food proteins: ingredient innovations, bioprocess considerations, and outlook — a mini-review. Current Opinion in Food Science, 58, 101194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2024.101194
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